Most central banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council moved swiftly to lower key interest rates after the Federal Reserve trimmed its policy rate by 25 basis points, reinforcing the strong alignment between Gulf monetary policy and that of the United States. The decision saw the Central Bank of the UAE reduce its overnight deposit facility base rate to 3.90 per cent from 4.15 per cent, while the Saudi Central Bank trimmed its repo rate to 4.50 per cent and reverse-repo rate to 4.00 per cent.
This round of cuts marks the second such move by the Federal Reserve this year and comes amid a backdrop of moderating inflation globally and a focus on supporting non-oil growth across the region. Two Fed policymakers dissented in the decision, and Chair Jerome Powell cautioned that a December rate cut was not assured.
The Gulf region’s strong inclination to follow U. S. monetary policy stems from the fact that five of the six GCC currencies, including the Saudi riyal, UAE dirham and Qatari riyal, are pegged to the U. S. dollar. Only the Kuwaiti dinar is linked to a pegged basket of currencies of which the dollar is the dominant component, giving Kuwait greater policy flexibility.
Beyond the peg dynamics, the rate cuts serve a broader strategic goal: to reduce borrowing costs and stimulate investment in sectors aligned with the region’s diversification agenda, such as real-estate, manufacturing and tourism. According to analysis by CFI, inflation in the Gulf is projected to hover around 1.9 per cent in 2025, with GDP growth estimated at 4.0 per cent on average, meaning there is space to ease monetary policy without immediate inflation risk.
While the broad pattern across the region is one of alignment with Washington, there are subtle distinctions. Kuwait opted to hold its rates unchanged, signalling that local conditions rather than external alignment would guide its stance. Analysts say that Kuwait’s stronger inflation headwinds and different economic profile justify such a deviation.
Market watchers note that the rate cuts may deliver stimulus to credit growth, though some risks remain. Lower interest rates could dampen returns on traditional savings vehicles and simultaneously sharpen competition among banks. For governments and businesses in Gulf economies, cheaper financing may bolster infrastructure projects and non-oil activities. A weaker US dollar, another by-product of U. S. policy easing, could lend further support to oil prices—helping export-based economies—but it also carries the risk of higher import costs.
In the UAE, the central bank’s move to 3.90 per cent marks the lowest policy rate since 2022. This step is expected to make loans and mortgages more affordable, offering a boost to the non-oil sector and domestic demand. In Saudi Arabia, the rate adjustment is directly aligned with the broader reform agenda under its Vision 2030, which hinges on greater private-sector participation and attraction of foreign investment requiring cheaper capital.
Some central bankers caution that while rate cuts provide stimulus, they cannot fully offset structural headwinds such as global energy demand shifts, supply chain disruptions and geopolitical uncertainty. The Federal Reserve’s cautious tone — emphasising that further cuts are not guaranteed — adds an extra layer of uncertainty for regional banks that shadow U. S. policy.
In this context, Gulf monetary authorities appear to be striking a careful balance between maintaining currency stability, supporting growth and safeguarding financial stability. As their economies strive to scale non-hydrocarbon sectors, the timing and scale of rate cuts are being calibrated not only to external headwinds but also to domestic structural priorities.